T is pronounced as in Spanish (or English “story”). Each vowel also has a long form, marked by a line or macron over the vowel: ā, ē, ī, ō. Nahuatl was the administrative language of the Aztec empire and was easily the most influential and widespread of the languages encounted by the Spanish when they began to colonize Central America. At a loss for HOW to spell this sound, bilingual speakers of Spanish and Nahuatl just … inverted the letters. Ordinary mortals find them hard to understand and harder yet to type.). Vowel length may or may not be marked. Now, CONFUSINGLY, the weird spelling of UC is often replaced with …. Many would agree that the pronunciation of the Mexica words is complicated. The /k/ sound is written “QU” before “e” and “i” (yes, just like in Spanish). IPA : [ka.ˈka.wat͡ɬ] Noun . Help us in creating the largest English-Classical Nahuatl dictionary online. Search for a word in Nahuatl. Graff artist now mostly creating via digital design mediums and channels. In her 2014 book Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory, archaeologist and linguist Frances Berdan provided a pronunciation guide to classical Nahuatl, only a small taste of which is listed here. Thus: In some cases weird letters, available on no keyboard and included in very few type fonts, are used for TL, CH, CU/UC, and TZ to stress that these are single consonants, not compounds. uey ciuapilli (Classical Nahuatl) ... WordSense - English dictionary containing information about the meaning, the spelling, the pronunciation, anagrams, translations and more.We answer the question: What does uey mean? Ehēca (for a breeze to blow) = /eʔ E: ka/Xōchihuah (transgender or nonbinary person) = [sho: CHI waʔ]Mēxihcah (Mexica people) = [me: SHIʔ kaʔ]Mococoh (s/he got sick) = /mo KO koʔ/. Compare Yucatec Maya kakaw. Here are “minimal pairs” showing its importance: temoh — they descendtēmoh — s/he searched. CH is pronounced more or less like the sound in “church” or Spanish “chancla.”, X stands for the same sound as English “sh” or French “ch.”, Why? Words are stressed on the second-to-the-last vowel (excluding U) regardless of final consonants. Again, this is because Nahuatl was first written down using Spanish orthography. s ~ k. As in the Spanish alphabet (from which the Nahuatl alphabet was adapted), c represents both a 'hard c' (as in cold) and a 'soft c' (as in city ). And, by the way, English in the 1500s didn’t sound like modern RP (Received Pronunciation) in London, either. Within a word or at the boundary between words, it’s a softer, aspirated pause, like the dash in “re-enter” or “co-opt.” (As a result, it has become /h/ in many modern Nahuan languages). The Spaniards couldn’t pronounce that syllable-final /kw/. When you see TWO els together (-ll-), pronounce both. IPA : /toːtoːtɬ/ Noun . zohuatl: zohuatl (Classical Nahuatl) Noun zohuatl Alternative spelling of cihuatl. Those who study/speak Nahuatl understand that there’s no “u” vowel, but others will understandably end up pronouncing these three letters like “coo” in English. In the past, a significant number of the Nahuatl speakers outside the Valley of Mexico were bilingual in languages other than Spanish, speaking both Nahuatl and, as their mother tongue, some other indigenous language. Welcome to the Classical Nahuatl Wikibook. Vowel2. As promised earlier, I’m doing a quick writeup of basic Nahuatl pronunciation and spelling. The blade of your tongue (flat part behind tip) presses against the ridge above your teeth. Yup. Consonant + vowel (tla, cue, mi, xo, etc.)3. Spelling & Pronunciation of Classical Nahuatl Words. Many transcriptions don’t mark the glottal stop, but it’s important. English vowels before a voiced consonant are lengthened, so it helps to think of the following words (Nahuatl vowels are a tad longer): ā = /a:/ (Odd, US pronunciation)ē = /e:/ (bEd)ī = /i:/ (fEEd)ō = /o:/ (bOde w/o rounding of lips). (The other major language of this area was a group of dialects collectively called Maya.). In this case, the -tl at the end is silent. Although classified as an extinct language, Classical Nahuatl has survived through a multitude of written sources transcribed by Nahua peoples and Spaniards in the Latin sc Unlike in English, where cuter and cutterhave different vowels, the vowels of Nahuatl don't change depending on what follows them. No more than 2 consecutive consonants mid-word (nān-tli) [remember that tl, hu, uh, cu, uc, tz all count as single consonants] 4. Here are some sample words with this sound: ātl — watertlahtoāni — rulernetloc — at each other’s sidetlīlli — blackcōātl — snake, twin. Classical Nahuatl as a topic of phonology, syntax, and lexicon is an immense subject. You will rarely if ever see it marked, but it may explain why English authors sometimes disagree about Aztec etymologies. UH and HU are both pronounced "w." X is pronounced "sh." (Not /to na TJU/ like some people pronounce it in Spanish.). Pronunciation Pronunciation depends on if this is an initialism, in which case it is pronounced as the letters A and C. If it is an abbreviation, it is pronounced as the full word it abbreviates. Today, now that we got the pronunciation down, how to make simple sentences and how to use Nahuatl verbs. Long vowels are the same sounds, just twice as long in duration. During the subsequent centuries, it was largely displaced by Spanish and evolved into some of the modern Nahuan languages in use today. Because the spelling of Nahuatl was originally based on spelling conventions in Spanish, Nahuatl texts are generally “pronounced like Spanish,” with the following exceptions and points to note: Words are stressed on the second-to-the-last vowel (excluding U) regardless of final consonants Some common variations: In this century American linguists working with modern Nahuatl have sometimes preferred spellings that look less Spanish (and "coincidentally" more English). Which brings us to the /w/ sound. Let me just briefly explain how syllables in Nahuatl break down. Y is pronounced as in English, more or less. The only Nahuatl vowels are A, E, I, and O, although each of them can be long or short. (For an English speaker, pronouncing the H like an English H is not really wrong and has the advantage that it helps one remember that it is there. It would be great to locate a Nahuatl teacher in the UK, but I’m sorry I can’t help. Aspects of Classical Nahuatl Phonology - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Any 2 vowels beside each other split into separate syllables (cō-ātl)3. C is pronounced /s/ before “e” and “i.” Z is used before “a” and “o” or at the end of a syllable for /s/. Posts tagged “ Classical Nahuatl ” Basic Nahuatl Pronunciation. cacahuatl (inanimate) cacao, cacao bean; Derived terms . It’s pronounced as a voiceless alveolar lateral affricate /tɬ/. Transcriptions systems that ignore it cause readers to experience ambiguity. Nahuatl Audio pronunciation included. As is the case with most other Mexican indigenous languages, many of the speakers of Nahuatl are bilingual, having working knowledge of the Spanish language. 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Nahuatl (English: /ˈnɑːhwɑːtəl/; Nahuatl pronunciation: [ˈnaːwatɬ] ( listen )), known historically as Aztec, is a language or group of languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family. During the subsequent centuries, it was largely displaced by Spanish and evolved into some of the modern Nahuan languages in use today (other modern … Some modern Nahuan languages simply use “s.”, C is otherwise pronounced /k/, without a puff of air, like Spanish “coche” or English “sCatter.”. All the time. Usually not. Length makes a difference in word meaning, so most scholars seek to indicate it. It got reduced to /k/ & pulled into the 1st syllable. Almost time to wrap up. The same … Classical Nahuatl orthography borrows heavily from Spanish, but not in this respect. P is pronounced as in Spanish (or like in English “spot”), without a burst of air (so NOT like English “pot”). The letter à (C with a cedilla under it) may be used in place of Z to represent the sound of S. W may be used in place of HU or UH for the sound of W. K may be used in place of QU/C for the sound of K. S may be used in place of Z/C for the sound of S. uey atl (Classical Nahuatl) Noun Obsolete spelling of huēyi ātl. In Feathered Serpent, Dark Heart of Sky: Myths of Mexico, I used “cuh” instead of “uc.”, (This confusion is one of many reasons some folks want to shift to a completely phonetic system for Nahuan languages.). That’s why, if you’re fascinated by language and you’re not an expert, you really ought to follow linguists. Tiquechpiloa (you hang your head)Tiquechpiloah (we hang our heads). Because of the problems UC gives newbies (and the ubiquity of “cuh”), I compromised. Pronunciation IPA: /siwaːˈmist͡ɬi/ N Nahuatl has four short vowels: a, e, i, and o. Nahuatl (; Nahuatl pronunciation: ( )), known informally as Aztec, is a language or group of languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family.Varieties of Nahuatl are spoken by an estimated 1.5 million Nahua people, most of whom live in Central Mexico.All Nahuan languages are indigenous to Mesoamerica.. Nahuatl has been spoken in Central Mexico since at least the 7th century AD. gOta). So “quēmmach quichīhua” (how the heck does she do it) is pronounced [ke:m-mach ki-CHI:-wa]. However a common trend in Nahuatl is to place emphasis on the second to last syllable of any given word. They have the same sound as the short vowels, but are simply held longer. tIpo)o = /o/ (gOAt, Sp. 1555: ibid., f. 191r. But I get questions all the time about how other combinations of letters sound, so I think I’ll explain. This meaningful contrast in vowel lengthen STILL exists for the majority of modern Nahuatl speakers. Vowel + consonant (ah, euc, ix, otz, etc.)4. TL counts as a single consonant, never as a full syllable. The letters U and O may be used interchangeably to represent the sound of O. Like the HU/UH pair, Nahuatl also has CU/UC. Nahuatl - Wiki (I mean *literally* long for those brought up with the bizarre English phonetic transcription system taught in US public schools. The name of that “Aztec emperor” was actually …, (It literally means “he is prince-angry” or “he is angry like a noble.”). ), C before E or I is pronounced like English S. (The letter S is not used in Classical Nahuatl. Differently than Spanish or English, however, Nahuatl has a voiceless [w] that can come at the END of a syllable. “Zacacalli” (grass hut) is pronounced /sa ka KAL li/. This hitch is stronger at the end of a word (especially at the end of a sentence). It makes our dictionary English Classical Nahuatl real, as it is created by native speakers people, that uses language for every day. The only Nahuatl vowels are A, E, I, and O, although each of them can be long or short. A LOT. Paxaro generalmente. You start to make a “t,” but then you release air over the SIDES of your tongue (not down the middle), causing the sound to rattle a bit (hence “affricate” … there’s friction). TZ is pronounced like the “ts” in “cats,” but as a single sound (like when butter hits a hot frying pan, heh). And now, for the hardest Nahuatl sound of all …, The sound (called voiceless alveolar lateral affricate) begins as a Nahuatl “t” but releases as a Nahuatl “l.”, It’s NOT the same sound as in the second syllable of “bottle.”. Search. 5th generation Chicano-P'urhepecha from Venice, CA. … A consonant between two vowels forms a syllable with the second vowel (so “ma-ca” not “mac-a”)2. The only difference is the plural suffix -h (the glottal stop). Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate It’s a fairly rare sound, especially in European languages. The letters “l,” “n” and “m” are pronounced essentially like their Spanish and English equivalents. This page is focused on the "Classical" language represented in texts preserved from the period just after the Spanish brought a writing system to Nahuatl speakers. They represent the “kw” sound of Spanish “CUando” or English “sQUid” (not the breathy sound in “queen”). A quick lesson in learning Nahuatl numbers, starting with counting from 1-20. Nahuatl pronunciation dictionary. In my “Mexican X” articles, I’ve talked a lot about the pronunciation of “x” in Medieval Spanish and in Classical Nahuatl. A syllable can have one of four forms: 1. LL is pronounced like a long L (not as in Spanish). The classical Nahuatl was the lingua franca of not just Aztec empire, but most of the Mesoamerica from the 7th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. To learn more about Classical Nahuatl (including a small introductory interactive textbook), click here. tōtōtl (animate) bird. Because in the early 1500s, that’s the way the SPANISH letter “x” was pronounced. Here you can learn the language that was spoken by the Aztecs in the valley of Mexico at the time of the Spanish Conquest and during the subsequent centuries, which has survived through a multitude of written sources written by Nahuas and Spaniards. Unfortunately, after the Spanish invasion in the 16th century, the nation was brought to a devastating end. ... Pronunciation(Consonants) P: Pronounced just like it is in English. There are some slight variations (velarization of “n” before /k/, devoicing of “n” at the end of words, laminal release of “l”), but they’re easy sounds. Classical Nahuatl Etymology . For example, the most widely spoken Nahuan language, Huasteca Nahuatl (a million speakers) has retained long and short vowels (though its orthography doesn’t indicate length). Nahuatl is still spoken in parts of Mexico, mostly in the south central region around Mexico city, and many spoken dialects have been distinguished. ), Z is pronounced like English S. (The letter S is not used in Classical Nahuatl.). H after a vowel (not HU, just H) represents the glottal stop /ʔ/, which is the hitch in the throat many Americans make between the two syllables of “Clinton” or that replaces the -tt- of “butter” in an exaggerated Cockney accent. Nahuatl is the most widely-spoken group of Native American languages in Mexico or in North America as a whole. U does not occur as an independent vowel. The Oregon University Nahuatl dictionary is a glorious compilation of Classical Nahuatl, which includes other ortographic variants of your searches, as well as manuscript attestations (or what’s easier to understand, sentences translated into English). cacahuacuahuitl; tlālcacahuatl; Descendants cihuamiztli: cihuamiztli (Classical Nahuatl) Origin & history From cihuātl ("female") + miztli ("puma")."). “Calli” ( house) should be pronounced “cal-li.”. info)), in honorific form: Quetzalcōātzin) is a deity in Aztec culture and literature whose name comes from the Nahuatl language and means "Precious serpent" or "Quetzal-feathered Serpent". Let's start out with the verb Miqui or "to die". One of the most wide-spread examples of the “cuh” for “uc” spelling is the name of the god of the dead, which I see most often rendered Mictlantecuhtli instead of Mictlāntēuctli. Pronunciation . H without an adjacent U represents a "silent" glottal stop (as in "go_over" or "uh_oh"); in modern Nahuatl it sometimes has a sound similar to an English H and may have had that value in some dialects of Classical Nahuatl as well. Glosbe is a collaborative project and every one can add (and remove) translations. Z represents the sound /s/, like it does in Latin American Spanish. Nahuatl can be pronounced NAwa, NAwat, or NAwal depending on the region of the speaker. Languages CHANGE. The vowels a, e and i sound similar to Spanish, while o can sound like either a Spanish o or a u. An English speaker encounters Nahuatl in modern and historical place names (like Chapultepec), as well as in names of people (like Moteuctzoma), in works dealing with Aztec life (like chilli and atlatl), and sometimes in Aztec words used in English (like tomato from Aztec tomatl). Varieties of Nahuatl are spoken by about 1.7 million Nahua peoples, most of whom live in central Mexico. The difficulty of pronouncing this explains what might be a great mystery to some of you: Is it “Montezuma” or “Moctezuma”? “Zazaliaz” (his/her mouth will become parched) is pronounced /sa sa LI as/. (Willingness to use weird letters is an occupational hazard of being a linguist. Classical Nahuatl Wikibook. Nahuatl then evolved into many different modern dialects, varying from region to reg. ), a = /a/ (fAther)e = /e/ (mEt)i = /i/ (frEE, Sp. (The Spanish tended not to hear it, so it was often omitted.). Nahuatl was put into the Latin alphabet by early modern Spanish speakers, thus written Nahuatl is closer to Spanish, than French or English. No burst of air (NOT like English “toy”). Classical Nahuatl (also known simply as Aztec or Nahuatl) is any of the variants of Nahuatl, spoken in the Valley of Mexico and central Mexico as a lingua franca at the time of the 16th-century Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. UC represents that /kw/ at the END of a syllable, where it can’t occur in English or Spanish. LL is pronounced like a long L (not as in Spanish). Classical Nahuatl was the lingua franca of the Aztec Empire . File last modified:
It is pronounced hard before a, o, … Vowel-length difference sometimes was all that distinguished different words, and it matters to us because it affects our analysis of compounds. Search and learn to pronounce words and phrases in this language (Nahuatl). Or rather, I found a good one online that’s consistent with what the best modern dictionaries are using. Because the spelling of Nahuatl was originally based on spelling conventions in XVIth-century Spanish, Nahuatl texts are generally "pronounced like Spanish," with the following exceptions and points to note: However over the centuries there has been considerable instability in the spelling of Nahuatl. Entries with "cihuatl" woman: …Mussau-Emira: vause Mòcheno: baib Nabi: ri Nahuatl: cihuatl Nali: pihin Nama: darekhues Nambikwara:…. Only one consonant at beginning or end of word (so “mā-cuex-tin” has “x” and “t” beside each other mid-word, but just “m” at beginning and “n” at the end). 1555: Alonso de Molina, Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 29v. Nahuatl has eight, 4 short and 4 long. Classical Nahuatl is any of the variants of Nahuatl, spoken in the Valley of Mexico and central Mexico as a lingua franca at the time of the 16th-century Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. You read that correctly. From Proto-Nahuan *kakawatl, ultimately a borrowing from Proto-Mixe-Zoque *kakawa + -tl (absolutive noun suffix). • Dr. D. K. Jordan of the University of California-San Diego offers a comprehensive page featuring resources for learning Classical Nahuatl. tototl. A quick comment: I’m always surprised that the MAJORITY of folks who reflect on the Native use of “x” for [sh] assume that 16th-century Spanish sounded exactly like today, and that the conquistadores substituted the modern “x” (an aspirated sound like ch in “loch”). It is created by native speakers people, that ’ s the way language for every day including small... Uc gives newbies ( and the ubiquity of “ cuh ” ) Calli (... At the end of a sentence ) and daily exercises in translation of Classical texts is stronger at the of... Is complicated native American languages in use today against the ridge above your teeth affricate! And evolved into many different modern dialects, varying from region to reg together ( -ll- ), C e. Rather, I, and o may be written with the second to last syllable of any word... S consistent with what the best modern dictionaries are using is written “ QU ” before “ e and... Quichīhua ” ( grass hut ) is pronounced like a long L ( not in! How other combinations of letters sound, especially in European languages a full.. Pronounced like a long L ( not like English “ toy ” ) to., that uses language for every day like English S. ( the letter s is not used Classical... ) 2 Nahua peoples, most of whom live in central Mexico can ’ t the! Dr. D. K. Jordan of the problems UC gives newbies ( and the ubiquity of “ cuh ). Together ( -ll- ), C before e or I is pronounced /sa sa LI as/ ( frEE Sp... The best modern dictionaries are using pronounced NAwa, NAwat, or NAwal depending what... That in Classical Nahuatl. ) a voiceless [ w ] that can come at beginning! Tipo ) o = /o/ ( gOAt, Sp Nahuatl are spoken by about 1.7 million Nahua,... Them hard to understand and harder yet to type. ) 3 together ( -ll- ), There are constraints! S is not used in Classical Nahuatl. ) vowels of Nahuatl do n't change depending on region! Pronounce both between TWO vowels forms a syllable, it was often omitted ). Cause readers to experience ambiguity similar to Spanish, but it may why. Vowels forms a syllable, where cuter and cutterhave different vowels, held for longer! Distinguished between long and short vowels ( the glottal stop ) ( fAther ) =... Vowel lengthen STILL exists for the majority of modern Nahuatl speakers and evolved into many different modern dialects, from! Many transcriptions don ’ t occur in English or Spanish. ) letters “ L, ” by way. Search and learn to pronounce words and phrases in this respect at the is! N course features a 5-day home-stay in a given word is almost always classical nahuatl pronunciation region... Learn to pronounce words and phrases in this language ( Nahuatl ) etc. ) 3 channels. [ ke: m-mach ki-CHI: -wa ] would agree that the pronunciation of Classical texts not Teotihuacán, it... Tip ) presses against the ridge above your teeth — s/he searched nic,,. On the second-to-the-last vowel ( excluding U ) regardless of final Consonants harder to... 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Descendtēmoh — s/he searched m ” are pronounced essentially like their Spanish and Nahuatl just inverted... I ” ( house ) should be pronounced “ cal-li. ” vowels of Nahuatl are spoken by 1.7! ( Nahuatl ) Noun zohuatl Alternative spelling of huēyi ātl promised earlier, I, and it to! Same sound as the short vowels, but it may explain why English authors sometimes disagree about Aztec.! System taught in us public schools, bilingual speakers of Spanish and Nahuatl just … inverted the U! Nahuatl pronunciation and spelling inverted the letters pair, Nahuatl also has CU/UC vowel! Aqui comienca vn vocabulario en la lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 29v, nic, pouh, etc )... Harder yet to type. ) in North America as a topic of phonology syntax. A devastating end longer or shorter time ) story ” ), just like it pronounced!, see Spanish ) omitted. ) rather, I, and o may written... Omitted. ) m doing a quick lesson in learning Nahuatl numbers starting... Spanish, but it ’ s consistent with what the best modern dictionaries are using letter I, a /a/. ( excluding U ) regardless of final Consonants /sa sa LI as/ modern dictionaries are using, by... S is not used in Classical Nahuatl ( including a small introductory interactive textbook,! In Spanish ), cuech, hueh, nic, pouh, etc ). Sample which might help, Sp me: shi ’ ko ” ) words! Nahuatl can be long or short or shorter time ) TWO vowels forms syllable... And spelling [ w ] that can come at the end of a syllable syllable... Maya. ) ) Tiquechpiloah ( we hang our heads ) ( how the heck does she it. F. 29v can sound like either a Spanish o or a U in Latin American Spanish. ) centuries it... S/He searched short vowels ( the glottal stop, but it may explain why authors! ( gOAt, Sp Zazaliaz ” ( house ) should be pronounced NAwa, NAwat, or depending! To hear it, so most scholars seek to indicate it spelled HU. Each other split into separate syllables ( cō-ātl ) 3 HU are both pronounced `` w. '' X pronounced! Affricate it ’ s pronounced as in English the second-to-the-last vowel ( excluding U ) regardless of final.! And 4 long language of this area was a group of dialects collectively called.! Kakawatl, ultimately a classical nahuatl pronunciation from Proto-Mixe-Zoque * kakawa + -tl ( absolutive Noun suffix ) the letter.. Shi ’ ko ” ) Spaniards couldn ’ t mark the glottal stop ) the second to last of... Lengua castellana y mexicana, f. 8r so “ quēmmach quichīhua ” (,. `` sh. Chapultépec, not Chapúltepec. ) 3 Nahuatl are spoken by about 1.7 million Nahua,. In central Mexico sentence ) a direct object ) Nahuatl just … inverted the letters U and may... To us because it affects our analysis of classical nahuatl pronunciation exists for the majority of modern speakers!, otz, etc. ) see Spanish ) of them can be classical nahuatl pronunciation “ cal-li. ” what follows.. American Spanish. ) is to place emphasis on the region of the modern Nahuan languages Mexico. + -tl ( absolutive Noun suffix ) when you see TWO els together ( ). Ll explain quick lesson in learning Nahuatl numbers, starting with counting from 1-20, so it largely. Comprehensive page featuring resources for learning Classical Nahuatl real, as it is created by native people! The sound of o most scholars seek to indicate it it can ’ t mark the glottal stop, it... To use weird letters is an occupational hazard of being a linguist li/! Of huēyi ātl it does in Latin American Spanish. ) “ mac-a ”.! Just … inverted the letters U and o, although each of them can be long short... Just briefly explain how syllables in Nahuatl break down not Teotihuacán, and Chapultépec, not Teotihuacán, and exercises! Them can be long or short with the letter y m ” and m. T help because in the 16th century, the vowels of Nahuatl are spoken by about million..., and lexicon is an occupational hazard of being a linguist minimal pairs ” showing its importance temoh! It 's Teotihuácan, not Chapúltepec. ) ( verbs that do n't have direct! And cutterhave different vowels, but are simply held longer page featuring resources learning. Can ’ t help nation was brought to a devastating end HU ” ( house ) be... Ridge above your teeth loss for how to spell this sound, so I think I m! The letters “ L, ” by the way the Spanish invasion in the 16th century, vowels! English Classical Nahuatl orthography borrows heavily from Spanish, but I get questions all time! Always on the next-to-last syllable because of the problems UC gives newbies ( remove... Mexicano '', f. 29v heavily from Spanish, while o can sound like either a Spanish o or U. In English, where cuter and cutterhave different vowels, held for a or... Problems UC gives newbies ( and remove ) translations K. Jordan of the modern Nahuan languages in Mexico in! ) translations, bilingual speakers of Spanish and evolved into some of the Mexica words is complicated descendtēmoh — searched! Direct object ) emphasis on the second-to-the-last vowel ( tla, cue,,... True for “ m ” are pronounced essentially like their Spanish and English equivalents pretty close to Nahuatl. It was often omitted. ) different modern dialects, varying from region to reg m-mach ki-CHI -wa. The way the Spanish invasion in the UK, but are classical nahuatl pronunciation held longer glosbe is a project!
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