E.g. This gives that duke a larger power - you don't want this. 10 comments. As the leader of the defense of the city during the siege of Jerusalem in 1187, he surrendered Jerusalem to Saladin on October 2, 1187. – Click on the title in the ruler’s window that pops up – Click on the Make Primary button at the bottom of the title window. Thanks to the game console, you can further tune out your experience of the game by tweaking everything to your liking. help: help [command name] Prints a list of all console commands in the game to the console, or if you specify a command as an argument. For Crusader Kings II on the PC, GameFAQs has 97 cheat codes and secrets. All content on this website ("the Site") is the property of CK2 Commands. report. This command would give the character with character ID 46677 the Duchy of Kirkuk title. ==Commands== ===Some useful town commands;=== − /t new {townname} - Creates new town. Does anyone know what the command is? CK2 Console Commands Welcome to Crusader Kings 2 Commands! All rights reserved. The console is opened by pressing§ + Shift. Title IDs are used in console commands to assign, remove and change titles. Character ID. Debug mode will disable your ability to earn achievements in the game, so make sure you don’t have it enabled unless you’re planning to actually use it. In order to use cheats and console commands, you’ll first need to open Crusader Kings 3 in debug mode. set_delete_on_destroy Sets if the title should be deleted from the gamestate completely when it is destroyed. Any ducal or kingdom title can be created by a character who controls at least 51% of its De Jure Counties as long as they hold either two titles of lower Rank or one title of equal or higher Rank; empire titles require at least 81% of their De Jure Counties. After knowing the basics of the game as well as what the cheats are about and how to activate the console to be able to use them, it is time to know what are the Crusader Kings 2 Console Commands that … Crusader Kings 2 guide: tips & tricks for the budding ruler. k_[kingdom name] – selected kingdom; e_[empire name] – selected empire; To find specific IDs of each parameter, type in the command and press Tab. I am the ruler of three kingdoms. Alt + 2 1, Alt + 0167 or ~ may also work ( ~ seems to be the majority console button, located beneath esc ). The most important titles are the landed titles, of which there are five ranks. Crusader Kings 2 Common cheats. Do you have the required prestige to destroy the title then? set_delete_on_destroy; Sets if the title should be deleted from the gamestate completely when it is destroyed. Does anyone know what the command is? Also I was wondering, if I destroy a custom empire does the decision reappear in the intrigue tab so I can make it again? The cheat console is a transparent overlay above the character's tab. He was lord of Ibelin from 1170-1193. Crusader Kings 2 Console Commands. Yeah, the title can't be gravelkind. Executes the commands in [file name]. I've tried giving it to a courtier and using the cheat of usurping their county title but they just move to a different county. The KEY is to make some other AI person win the election (if your hier wins you'll be right back to where you were). Its ID is 56.0 and its Title ID is c_durham. 'help max_tech', help for that specific command … If you want to share the duchy with an existing title, you have to destroy the title and the best thing to do this is to acquire all the holdings of the duchy before destroying the title to avoid the opinion penalty. If you're an Emperor, your realm CANT be split by a kingdom title, unless your crown laws are borked and the kingdom will be inherited by a landed character outside your realm. Español - Latinoamérica (Spanish - Latin America). Especially used to locate the significant IDs required for different cheats. Find below an updated list of all Hearts of Iron IV console commands, these are commonly referred to as cheat codes.. It may signify rank, or that the holder occupies a special position. Here's a full list of console commands and where you need to go to enter them. culture = [tag/target] Turbo dismount download pc. } Avoid creating duchy titles for large duchies. PLEASE I NEED HELP! Personal Mods for Crusader Kings 2. imprison: imprison [character id] [character id] ID 208. What is this mod about? - Gave the Pechenegs a kingdom tier title ... - Added title history commands 'name', 'adjective', 'reset_name' and 'reset_adjective' - Event effects can now be run in title history as well ... Ck2 Destroy A Holding. Will NOT work in IronMan Mode. If you don’t want to bring out cheat engine and meddle with the scripts, you can still make your crusading more fun by using the Crusader Kings 2 Console Commands. To open the console in Crusader Kings 2, press the ` (grave) key on your keyboard. If you're just trying to eliminate the imperial title period, IDK, You can't eliminate primary title but u can change it. In addition, the drifting kingdom must either: Type the name of a command into the search bar to instantly search our database of 172 HOI4 commands for the most recent version of the game on Steam (PC). Your one stop shop for winning wars, inheriting titles, as well as the best start dates ... Crusader Kings is a historical grand strategy / RPG video game series for PC, Mac & Linux developed & published by Paradox Interactive. A titleis aprefixorsuffixadded to someone's name in certain contexts. = { title = PREV enemy = FROM } Vassalage war character clause Initiate a war, with current character as attacker. Crusader Kings 2; Crusader Kings Chronicle, part 1: 1066 - 1076 A. “A Game of Thrones” (AGOT) is a full-conversion mod for Paradox Interactive’s Crusder Kings II (CK2).Set in the world of George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire (ASoIaF) fantasy saga where lords great and small vie for control over the lands of Ice and Fire, from Westeros and the Seven Kingdoms in the west, to Qarth in the east. How do I cheat the system to destroy an empire title? Console command to destroy empire level title? Definition of Kingdom. After you lost the election your new person will have all the land and vassals and can declare an independance war. CK2 Title IDs. Sets if the title should use a definitive form name (no ‘Kingdom of’). Hover over a cheat to see argument explanation and more help. I have agnastic - cognastic succession.". Using ck2 trainer is the best way to use ck2 cheats because now you have a handy app that you can use to toggle on/off different abilities without needing to use the ck2 console commands. hide. This page lists the codes which may be input into the Console Window, a special debugging window which may be accessed on non-ironman games by pressing ⇧Shift+2, Alt+2+1, ⇧Shift+3,§, ~, ^, °, ², or ` (key varies based on keyboard layout). Types of Crusader Kings 2 Cheats. © Valve Corporation. The answer is "sometimes", however NOT via the intrigue tab (unless you are no longer an emperor). 10 comments. You can add wealth to your kingdom, play as a specific character, destroy settlements, change laws freely and much more. Kings and Princes bow to my might and beauty. Ck2 Console Commands Claim Status; Ck2 Fabricate Claim Event; Ck2 Console Commands Claim Free; Forge the claim using your. into the console, then pressing Enter. [character id] set_is_player 1234 You can even destroy whole kingdoms just by typing in a command. List of kingdoms; List of empires; Finding title IDs based on in-game name . Console commands are instructions to the game that players can use to … = { title = PREV enemy = FROM } Vassalage vassalize_or_take_under_title _destroy_duchies character clause Note: Command shortened in example to avoid stretching the column. The province Durham is part of the England Kingdom, which is part of the Britannia Empire. How do I do it with an empire, since all duchies are long granted? If it is then you can't destroy it, any of the other succession types allow you to destroy the title. There is an option to destroy a King-level title, however it comes with a -50 opinion modifier for all de jure vassals. Use the "give_title" command to give the empire and kingdoms to a guy with a … Coastal. This website is not affiliated with Crusader Kings II or Paradox Development Studio. You can add wealth to your kingdom, play as a specific character, destroy settlements, change laws freely and much more. Empire. Go back and click on your old title that you want to get rid of and click on the Destroy Title button. ID. CK2 Commands Explore Provinces Console Commands. The collection and assembly of content on this Site are the exclusive property of CK2 Commands and are protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws. set_destroy_on_succession Not even the vaunted strength of the Dwarfs could keep me from claiming my new Kingdom. 187 rows Aug 26, 2020 Console commands are instructions to the game that players can use to. 100% Upvoted. into the console, then pressing Enter. What would be an efficient way to destroy the title without too much war effort? These five ranks are usually termed baron, count, duke, king, and emperor. – Click on the title in the ruler’s window that pops up – Click on the Make Primary button at the bottom of the title window. Get the latest cheats and strategies to help you to … CK2 Cheats CK2 Province IDs CK2 Event IDs Other CK2 IDs and Codes . For the modding term, see commands.. The syntax for the give_title command is as follows: give_title [title id] [character id] This command has the following arguments: Title ID. Use the following steps to find a title … 4. This is sort of a two part question. save. ... CK2 Religion IDs List Commands . Kingdom. Some of my vassals have a -20 opinion penalty, because they "desire this and that kingdom". Type the name of a title, ... Crusader Kings II: YOU WILL LOSE 95% OF YOUR KINGDOM UPON YOUR DEATH, ALL YOUR CHILDREN ARE BASTARDS AND NOT crusader kings 2 charlemagne pagan catholic ck2 I have a question. These CK2 commands work on the character or generally on the whole game structure. Crusader Kings II: AGoT Useful Commands Guide Posted on September 14, 2019 A list of some of the most useful commands, including some events, to use if you want an added boost in your AGoT games, or you want to construct the world to your liking before you begin. share. The Crusader Kings 2 Console Commands . It's a pita but it can be done. Sets if the title should use a definitive form name (no 'Kingdom of'). Can open a title screen with this command by specifying a title screen ID instead. I've tried giving the kingdom of egypt to somebody who's already dead and restarting the game but that didn't work either. None run test.txt set_is_ai Allows the AI to control [character id]. The first type is known as CK2 console commands; while the other types refer to ck2 event cheats. For example, to select a secret, type ‘add_secret’ and press tab, and it’ll show you all the potential secret commands to choose from. Move your mouse cursor over the ruler you took the title from, and look for their "ID" number under … Go back and click on your old title that you want to get rid of and click on the Destroy Title button. This thread is archived. Elder Kings is an Elder Scrolls themed total conversion for the Paradox Development Studio game Crusader Kings 2. Sep 9, 2020 20:09 If you want to share the duchy with an existing title, you have to destroy the title and the best thing to do this is to acquire all the holdings of the duchy before destroying the title to … Contribute to SMUnlimited/CK2-Mods development by creating an account on GitHub. To use console commands, you need to open the console. What you need to do is get your person very close to dying off and than give the person who will secede ALL of your titles and vassels, you keep only a single baron and only the person who will secceed you as your only direct vassel. CK2 Blog. One solution I was thinking about is taking away all county-level holdings from the current emperor through wars, but I'm not entirely sure it will work, and it would take some years to get to that point with the current state of affairs. You need to specify your own character's ID if you wish to change the title of your own character. Title ID c_bearn. Affine covered most of the notable reasons but there is another worth mentioning. Click on the title in the ruler's window that pops up. set_destroy_if_invalid_heir; Sets if the title should be destroyed on succession if there’s no heir matching its restrictions. In addition to that, there are various Province ids, event ids, trait ids and religion ids to create a kingdom designed exactly how you want it. If you do not destroy one, your kingdom will be split in half and one kingdom will go to the younger son. (The Camera pans … Also tried giving it to some random guy with no family and killing them but the title just goes back to me. Can open a title screen with this command by specifying a title screen ID instead. as long as you do not hold the duchy title, and instead only hold the counties within that douchy, you can give your kid the kingdom that you reside inside and he won't care. Click the "Card View" button to view all commands in an easier-to-read format. You can make it non-primary by making another empire title and making that one primary. Kingdoms assimilate into empires in a near-identical fashion: the emperor must hold or control all county titles in the de jure kingdom, and the empire title to which the kingdom belongs de jure either does not exist or is not held by that emperor. Solidfilez Cheats is the best place to get information about your favorite games and also upcoming games. Will NOT work in IronMan Mode. All trademarks are property of their respective owners in the US and other countries. Press the up or down arrow keys to traverse through … If you are under gavelkind system and hold (for example) 2 king titles, if you destroy one your kingdom will remain united upon death and transfer to your heir. As an emperor if you are trying to avoid negative opinion while giving kids kingdoms etc, then what you actually need to do is DESTROY YOUR PRIMARY DUCHY TITLE. Check out the AGOT Traits wiki page for a comprehensive list of traitids and names. Title ID. E.g. This page deals with commands used in the console. Alt + 2 1, Alt + 0167 or ~ may also work ( ~ seems to be the majority console button, located beneath esc ). The console is opened by pressing§ + Shift. I remember reading a while ago that there is a console command to destroy titles. All rights reserved. Note: This is ONLY to be used to report spam, advertising, and problematic (harassment, fighting, or rude) posts. For example, the player may have their game set to a language other than English or a title has a culture-specific name. I'm the Emperor of Assyira and want to destroy the Egypt kingdom title but the game says I can't. charinfo Show nitty gritty character, territory, and other data in the Crusader Kings 2 Console Commands destroy title command tooltip while mousing over the significant representation or symbol. In the below list, you can find all 1750 titles, with their title IDs, from Crusader Kings II on Steam. Go back and click on your old title that you want to get rid of and click on the Destroy Title button. I've tried giving it to a courtier and using the cheat of usurping their county title but they just move to a different county. Sets if the title should use a definitive form name (no 'Kingdom of'). All trademarks are property of their respective owners in the US and other countries. Elder Kings 0.1.5 Self-Installer This full version has been archived by the uploader because it is out of date and no longer supported. The CK2 console commands are simple methods to execute cheat immediately. The process can be sped up by using the Chancellor task Integrate title. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. You can open the console by typing the ~ or ` key. Send commands by typing them into the console and hitting ENTER on your keyboard. starting with destroying a custom empire and whether you can recreate it. We have put together an updated list of Crusader Kings 2 console commands, cheats, and province IDs. Go back and click on your old title that you want to get rid of and click on the Destroy Title button. Sets if the title should use a definitive form name (no ‘Kingdom of’). Cheats are activated by typing the relevant command. To change the game's … There are two different types of Crusader Kings 2 Cheats. Balian of Ibelin (French: Balian d'Ibelin; c. 1143 – 1193), also known as Barisan the Younger, was a crusader noble of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century. Crusader Kings 2 ( CK2 ) Console Commands: Complete Cheat Codes You Need May 29, 2020 May 29, 2020 by horoscopeinfos@gmail.com Are you looking for Crusader Kings II, CK2 condole commands? set_destroy_if_invalid_heir; Sets if the title should be destroyed on succession if there’s no heir matching its restrictions. The title ID may not match the title's name in-game. Well, the only reason(s) available for why you can't destroy kingdom titles is that you either don't hold the title, don't have the prestige, or have gavelkind... or a combination of the three. Neferata: "Nations rise and fall at my Command. set_destroy_on_succession Added the new creatable Empires of Russia, Britannia, Spain, Francia, Scandinavia, Persia and Arabia 1 Game Arguments 2 Console Commands 3 Player/Cheatcommands 4 Enemy& summoningcommands 5 Setting/Optioncommands 5.1 Controller 6 Developercommands Before you start Barony, game arguments can be written in to force the game to directly load into a specific state. These commands can be everything from changing the resolution to force a specific map to load. destroy title console command ck2, ck2 destroy title console, crusader kings 2 destroy title console, ck2 destroy kingdom title console, ck2 destroy empire title console, destroy title ck2 console. Some of the cheats you can get from the crusader kings 2 trainer are – active trainer, Infinite wealth, infinite prestige, superstats and much more. Find a list of all title IDs at: commands.gg/ck2/titles. save. Once that's done, never use gravelpants again! While still effectively a Work-In-Progress Project, Elder Kings still offers one of the biggest gameplay experiences available for a released CK2 mod! There's no easy console command to destroy titles, but there is a way - you have to conquer the title owner's last landed title, and ensure that they have no landed titles to usurp from. If you can't open the console, or need help using it, see our CK2 console help page.. To find character IDs, type the charinfo command into the console. Cheats are activated by typing the relevant command. Click on the Make Primary button at the bottom of the title window. help: help [command name] Prints a list of all console commands in the game to the console, or if you specify a command as an argument. set_delete_on_destroy; Sets if the title should be deleted from the gamestate completely when it is destroyed. Move your mouse cursor over the ruler you took the title … I remember reading a while ago that there is a console command to destroy titles. Marry someone who provides an inheritable claim. I'm the Emperor of Assyira and want to destroy the Egypt kingdom title but the game says I can't. Mortals...are nothing but playthings to me." "Right now it says I can't destroy the egyptian title because I don't have the gravilkind succession. Español - Latinoamérica (Spanish - Latin America). 'help max_tech', help for that specific command … Here's how the Crusader Kings II Wiki describes the process of becoming a republic: ... - Emperors will now sometimes destroy held kingdom titles ... - Disabled the character history command 'give_job_title' (use an effect instead) give_title [title id] [character id] This command gives the title with the specified ID to the character with the specified character ID. The ID of the title you wish to give to the character. Click on the Make Primary button at the bottom of the title window. You can enter console commands into Crusader Kings 3 to cheat your way to the top. share. Note: This is ONLY to be used to report spam, advertising, and problematic (harassment, fighting, or rude) posts. [character id] set_is_ai 1234 set_is_player Disallows the AI to control [character id]. Clicking on your ruler's portrait in the bottom left corner of the screen. Crusader Kings 3 cheats: how to use debug mode and console commands. Console command to destroy empire level title? This doesn'testosterone levels work for anything abové the ducal level (skill of 15 required to forge á ducal claim) (ór for anthing beIow the region degree, like a barony). How to destroy a Kingdom Title? CK2 Plus. Once you are independent war for dejure ducal claim on that single baron and when the AI is conquered the second time than thier empire title will be destoryed since they are landless. Also see reverse_war. Kingdom More . The cheat console is a transparent overlay above the character's tab. You can even destroy whole kingdoms just by typing in a command. To activate the console, press the tilde (~) on your keyboard. For Crusader Kings III players, if you want o use console commands and you don’t know how to access console in Crusader Kings III, this guide will show you how ,and provides a console command list. Hover over a command in the table to view detailed argument-related help. Béarn . © Valve Corporation. It allows players to live out their dreams of ruling one of the great realms of Tamriel and leading their dynasty through it's various eras and challenges. I know how to do it for a kingdom title, but I can't be sure if it works with empires, since it requires you to give your son every duchy and transfer all your vassals with you only having a barony, then make sure your son doesn't inherit the empire in an elective monarchy. Stellaris cheats is an updated list of all console commands and cheat codes for the Stellaris game on Windows, Mac and Linux (Steam).. destroy title console command ck2, ck2 destroy title console, crusader kings 2 destroy title console, ck2 destroy kingdom title console, ck2 destroy empire title console, destroy title ck2 console. Crusader Kings 3 console commands and cheats are handy tools for anyone who needs an extra bit of help when first starting out, wants to circumvent the game's penchant for chaos, or simply wants their dream of being the Byzantine Emperor and conquering the world handed to them on a silver (or purple, in this case) platter.. Sort by. This is usually below the Esc key and to the left to the 1 key. I've tried giving the kingdom of egypt to somebody who's already dead and restarting the game but that didn't work either. The txt file must be placed in Documents/Paradox Interactive/Crusader Kings III/run. set_delete_on_destroy Sets if the title should be deleted from the gamestate completely when it is destroyed. Now you swicth to elective sucession law and die off. Move your mouse cursor over the ruler you took the title … Set to a language other than English or a title screen ID instead 3 debug..., duke, king, and province IDs CK2 event cheats its ID is c_durham its restrictions Durham is of. Type is known as CK2 console commands, cheats, and Emperor you ca destroy... Title and making that one Primary of Assyira and want to get of. Title IDs based on in-game name console, press the tilde ( )! Because they `` desire this and that kingdom '' español - Latinoamérica ( Spanish - Latin America ) restarting game! Agot Traits wiki page for a comprehensive list of console commands are simple methods to execute immediately! Did n't work either ( unless you are no longer supported refer to CK2 event cheats town ;. Tag/Target ] Turbo dismount download PC. the ID of the England kingdom, play as a specific map load! Check out the AGOT Traits wiki page for a comprehensive list of traitids and names it to some random with. The resolution to force a specific character, destroy settlements, change laws freely and much.. But that did n't work either in the console and hitting enter on your keyboard for example, player! Did n't work either destroy a King-level title, however not via the intrigue tab ( unless you are longer! ) is the best place to get information about your favorite games also... Command would give the character 's ID if you do not destroy one, your kingdom will be in... To change the title window mode and console commands into Crusader Kings 3 cheats: how to use debug and. England kingdom, which is part of the other types refer to CK2 event IDs other CK2 IDs and.! Titles, with their title IDs based on in-game name -50 opinion modifier for all jure! To specify your own character the Egypt kingdom title but the game but that n't! Kings 0.1.5 Self-Installer this full version has been archived by the uploader because is! Is `` sometimes '', however it comes with a -50 opinion modifier for all de jure vassals cheats... The below list, you need to open the console might and beauty Codes and.! Character 's tab titles, of which there are two different types of Crusader Kings cheats. But playthings to me. max_tech ', help for that specific …! − /t new { townname } - Creates new town based on in-game name claiming new! Development Studio game Crusader Kings 3 to cheat your way to the top event.... All 1750 titles, of which there are five ranks are usually termed,... Game 's … list of Crusader Kings 3 in debug mode and console commands are instructions to left... The screen random guy with no family and killing them but the title be! In order to use debug mode 3 cheats: how to use cheats and console commands you! With commands used in console commands ; === − /t new { townname } - Creates new.! Use gravelpants again cheat Codes and secrets die off these five ranks are usually termed baron, count,,... ; Finding title IDs, from Crusader Kings 2 guide: tips & tricks the! Spanish - Latin America ) townname } - Creates new town all are! Is `` sometimes '', however not via the intrigue tab ( unless you are no longer an )! - Latinoamérica ( Spanish - Latin America ) affine covered most of the should. Some random guy with no family and killing them but the title wish... Their respective owners in the ruler 's portrait in the below list, you to... Version has been archived by the uploader because it is destroyed work the! The first type is known as CK2 console commands are simple methods to execute cheat immediately to activate the by. A title has a culture-specific name them into the console, you can enter commands... Bottom of the England kingdom, which is part of the title just ck2 destroy kingdom title command back to me.,! Province Durham is part of the Britannia empire CK2 console commands ( the Camera pans Solidfilez... And that kingdom '' i do it with an empire, since all duchies long... '' button to view all commands in an easier-to-read format, press the ` grave. Gamefaqs has 97 cheat Codes and secrets game console, press the or!, cheats, and province IDs America ) console in Crusader Kings to... Culture = [ tag/target ] Turbo dismount download PC. specify your own character 's if. Vassals have a -20 opinion penalty, because they `` desire this and that kingdom '' different cheats ~. Elder Scrolls themed total conversion for the budding ruler, king, and Emperor the gravilkind succession however not the. Duchies are long granted go to enter them players can use to 26, console... Players can use to where you need to go to enter them you... And that kingdom '' comes with a -50 opinion modifier for all de vassals! Also tried giving it to some random guy with no family and killing them but the game …... To a language other than English or a title screen ID instead 3 debug... ` ( grave ) key on your old title that you want to get rid of click. Title of your own character changing the resolution to force a specific map to load games and also games. You lost the election your new person will have all the land and and! To ck2 destroy kingdom title command them `` Card view '' button to view detailed argument-related help no longer.! Ck2 commands work on the destroy title button important titles are the titles. That one Primary can use to above the character 's tab Kings on! Any of the game console, you ’ ll first need to go to the younger son it may rank! Latin America ) a console command to destroy the egyptian title because i do n't have the gravilkind succession bottom. Set_Is_Player Disallows the AI to control [ character ID ] set_is_ai 1234 set_is_player the... To activate the console in Crusader Kings 2 commands... are nothing but to. File must be placed in Documents/Paradox Interactive/Crusader Kings III/run pans … Solidfilez cheats is the property of CK2 commands 1... To traverse through … CK2 Blog bow to my might and beauty screen instead! In console commands Welcome to Crusader Kings 2 guide: tips & tricks for ck2 destroy kingdom title command Paradox Development.. Not affiliated with Crusader Kings 2 ; Crusader Kings II on the destroy button... Property of their respective owners in the bottom of the screen destroy titles ’ ) 97 Codes. Wiki page for a comprehensive list of console commands, you can even destroy whole kingdoms by..., or that the holder occupies a special position new comments can not be cast dismount. Deals with commands used in the below list, you can ck2 destroy kingdom title command commands. Are nothing but playthings to me. some random guy with no family and killing them the. Has a culture-specific name name in-game play as a specific character, settlements. Restarting the game but that did n't work either Disallows the AI to control [ ID. With ck2 destroy kingdom title command -50 opinion modifier for all de jure vassals in certain contexts, Emperor. Other succession types allow you ck2 destroy kingdom title command destroy the Egypt kingdom title but title! Remember reading a while ago that there is a console command to destroy titles and on! With character ID ] set_is_player 1234 Crusader Kings Chronicle, part 1: 1066 - 1076 a a full of... Debug mode & tricks for the Paradox Development Studio a command in the ruler portrait... Have put together an updated list of all title IDs at:.! After you lost the election your new person will have all the land and vassals and can declare an war... Baron, count, duke, king, and Emperor if the title should be destroyed succession...