[16] He had two brothers: Prithi Chand and Mahadev. During his lifetime, the fifth Guru had fully appreciated that in the times ahead, his community will need to defend itself and Dharma at large. [23][70] The concern and the possibility of wrong propaganda, immoral teachings and inauthentic Gurbani led Guru Arjan to initiate a major effort to collect, study, approve and compile a written official scripture, and this he called Adi Granth, the first edition of the Sikh scripture by 1604. http://www.mygodpictures.com/category/guru-arjan-dev-ji/, http://www.santabanta.com/photos/guru-arjan-dev-ji/9128002.htm. Guru Arjan (1563-1606) Following in the footsteps of his father, Guru Ram Das, Guru Arjan completed construction of the Golden Temple. The eldest, Prithi Chand, was clever in social and worldly affairs. Established as a proprietorship company, Guru Arjan Machine Tools is known as the foremost manufacturer of a high-quality range of Precision Surface Grinder Machine, Precision Surface Offered Precision Surface Grinder Machine, Precision Surface are well-known for the features like long working life, high functionality, and low maintenance. Leprosy, as you know, is a very bad disease. Leprosy, as you know, is a very bad disease. He wrote a voluminous amount of Sikh scripture including the popular Sukhmani Sahib. The Golden Temple is one of India’s most visited tourist attractions. Guru Ram Das is best known as the founder of the holy city of Amritsar, previously known as Ramdaspur. What we Sikhs need to do is to cement the connection between Guru Arjan’s martyrdom and the attack rather than diluting it. Jahangir was jealous and outraged, and therefore he ordered the Guru's execution. Eds. However, Prithi Chand, Guru Arjan’s eldest brother, did not accept him as his father’s successor. Guru Arjan is credited with completing many other infrastructure projects, such as water reservoirs called Santokhsar (lake of peace) and Gongsar (lake of Gongaga), founding the towns of Tarn Taran, Kartarpur and Hargobindpur. Guru Arjan's Teachings Like the other Gurus, Guru Arjan believed in doing good deeds rather than just preaching. The brutal torture continued for days yet the guru remained true to his faith and endured all the atrocities with the God’s name on his lips. Perhaps more bitterness and anger in the Sikhs. Mahadev, the middle brother chose the life of an ascetic. In 1699 he created the Khalsa (Pure), a … He compiled the sacred songs of all previous Sikh gurus, as well as songs from Hindu and Sufi mystics, and added his own sacred writings. Dehra Saheb In which year was Guru Hargobind Ji born ? He compiled the first official edition of the Sikh scripture called the Adi Granth, which later expanded into the Guru Granth Sahib. Guru Amardas' attitude to Datu - son of Guru Angad - is a great lesson for every Sikh. [2][3], Historical revisionism, reconstruction and disputes. Contributions. To achieve this they advocated intense training of the mind and body through practices like yogasansas, breathing exercises and meditation. Guru Ram Das died in 1581 and Guru Arjan Dev became the fifth Guru of the Sikhs. Construction He incarnated on 15 April 1563 and left his body on 30 May 1606. [25] The Sikhs following Guru Arjan called the Prithi Chand faction as Minas (literally, "scoundrels"), who are alleged to have attempted to assassinate young Hargobind,[26][27] and befriended Mughal agents. They need our help more than any other people. He was immersed in boiling water which scalded his flesh and then was made to sit on a burning hot plate. He was born in Goindwal, India, on April 14. Guru Arjan Dev became a very popular spiritual figure, and hordes of people hailing from different faiths flocked to meet him and seek his blessings. [5] Guru Arjan led Sikhism for a quarter of a century. Thus Jahangir had him arrested and executed. According to Sikh tradition, Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak (1469–1539) and subsequently led by a succession of nine other Gurus. Sikhism - Sikhism - Guru Gobind Singh and the founding of the Khalsa: Following the death of Tegh Bahadur, Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708), the most important of all the Gurus with the exception of Guru Nanak, assumed leadership of the Sikhs. Chris Bayly, Gordon Johnson. A peaceful and saintly person, he was much revered by people belonging to all religions which made the Mughals insecure and jealous. Grewal notes that Sikh sources from the seventeenth and eighteenth century contain contradictory reports of Guru Arjan's death. The pool area grew into a temple complex with the gurdwara Harmandir Sahib near the pool. [37][38], The Sikh tradition has a competing view. Dehra Saheb . [11][33][40] According to Jahangir's autobiography Tuzk-e-Jahangiri (Jahangirnama) which discussed Guru Arjan's support for his rebellious son Khusrau Mirza, too many people were becoming persuaded by Guru Arjan's teachings and if Guru Arjan did not become a Muslim, the Sikh Panth had to be extinguished. [6] The city that emerged is now known as Amritsar, and is the holiest pilgrimage site in Sikhism. 95-6, Friedman Yohanan (1966), Shaikh Ahmad Sirhandi: An Outline of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity, Ph.D. Thesis, McGill University, pp. 1, 5. It is from this time the Sikh movement began to gain momentum. He wed Raam Devi, who was issueless, and Ganga ji, and they had one son, Har Govind. He completed the construction of Darbar Sahib at Amritsar, after the fourth Sikh Guru founded the town and built a pool. Guru Arjan Dev was married to Mata Ganga. In which year was Guru Hargobind Ji born ? 113-114, Kirpal Singh (2000), Perspectives on Sikh Gurus, National Book Shop, pp. by Dr. Pashaura Singh One of the main issues that has drawn scholarly attention in Kartarpur-Banno debate is related to a hymn by Guru Arjan in Ramakali mode. He was brought up by his grandmother. The threats, coercion and torture failed to achieve their objective; instead the martyrdom ignited a new life, determination and vigor in the Sikhs. Varam Bahi Gurdas Satki, 9th edition. Its members are known as Sikhs. I n an attempt to consolidate his position, the Mughal emperor Jahangir sought to appease the powerful Sunni Muslim orthodoxy at his court. The sacrifice of Guru Arjan Dev Ji is unparalleled affirmation of firm faith and acceptance of torture as Divine will. Guru Arjan Dev strengthened the institution of Masands which his predecessor had introduced, and emphasized on the principle of Dasvand according to which a tenth of an individual's income was payable for the Guru’s Langar (Common Kitchen) and for other charitable acts for the betterment of the poor. They offer a different explanation for the attempt on Hargobind's life, and present him as devoted to his younger brother Guru Arjan. The Masand not only collected these funds but also taught tenets of Sikhism and settled civil disputes in their region. Amandeep Singh Madra and Parmjit Singh. Indian History Congress: Tulika, 2001. p. 67. 118-121, Sirhindi, Maktubat-i Imam-i Rabbani, I-iii, letter No. Mobad', Dabistan-i Mazahib, 1645-46, in Sikh history from Persian sources. More torture followed and hot sand was poured over his body. [9], Guru Arjan was arrested under the orders of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and asked to convert to Islam. Guru Tegh Bahadur, challenged Emperor Aurangzeb, he also refused to embrace Islam, he was executed. On the contrary, he showed … [206] … If Guru Arjan helped Guru Tegh, they could bring the Sikhs Panth together, second martyrdom helped make human rights and freedom of conscience central. According to faction led by Guru Arjan, these hymns were distorted and fake, with some blaming Prithi Chand and his Sikh faction for having composed and circulated them. A virtuous soul must be a courageous soul. He himself contributed 2218 hymns to the sacred text. The couple had one son, Hargobind. In Lahore on May 25, 1606 A.D. ===== Name the Gurdwara, now in Pakistan, that stands at the place where Guru Arjan Dev Ji was martyred. In 1606, Jahangir had the fifth Sikh Guru Arjan Dev, the father of Guru Hargobind, tortured and martyred. A single couplet stands recorded in the version of the Adi Granth after chhant 4, before Guru … Guru Gobind Singh, 1666-1708. 125-127. [26][29], The composition of both Prithi Chand and his followers have been preserved in the Mina texts of Sikhism, while the mainstream and larger Sikh tradition adopted the Guru Granth Sahib scripture that ultimately emerged from the initiative of Guru Arjan. personality such as has no parallel. Guru Arjan’s martyrdom becomes the decisive factor in the crystallization of the Sikh Panth. As soon as he became the Guru at the age of eighteen, Guru Arjan Dev ji became a champion for the welfare of the poor, sick and disadvantaged sections of the community. [20] He was appointed as the Sikh Guru in 1581 after the death of his father. Coming as he did between Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikh Theocracy, and Guru Govind Singh, the creator of the Khalsa Brotherhood, Guru Arjan Dev combined the prophetic qualities of the one with the dynamic personality of the other. With Guru Arjan's succession, the Guruship remained in the Sodhi family of Guru Ram Das. The more you read him the clearer becomes the conviction that Guru Arjan Dev was the very head and heart of Nanak. [10][12] Historical records and the Sikh tradition are unclear whether Guru Arjan was executed by drowning or died during torture. Following many days of torture, the guru was allowed to take a bath in the river Ravi. The guru remained loyal to his faith till the very end. [2], According to the Sikh tradition, before his execution, Guru Arjan instructed his son and successor Hargobind to take up arms, and resist tyranny. Since he had refused to convert, he was subjected to severe torture. Guru Ram Das was born on 24 September 1534 in a Sodhi Khatri family in Chuna Mandi, Lahore. In 1581, Guru Arjan – youngest son of Guru Ram Das, became the fifth Guru of the Sikhs. [10][14] It is remembered as Shaheedi Divas of Guru Arjan in May or June according to the Nanakshahi calendar released by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee in 2003. He wed Raam Devi, who was issueless, and Ganga ji, and they had one son, Har Govind. Bibi Bhani was the daughter of Guru Amar Das, and her husband Jetha Sodhi later came to be known as Guru Ram Das. [36][48][49] J.S. Guru Arjan sent him a copy on a thali (plate), with the following message that was later added to the expanded text: In this thali (dish) you will find three things – truth, peace and contemplation: Guru Arjan Dev Ji who is the fifth Guru and first martyr of the Sikhs died through torture after … Datu kicked the Guru but the latter did not retaliate and quietly left the village. [42] Some Muslim traditional accounts such as of Latif in 19th-century states that Guru Arjan was dictatorial, someone who lived in splendour with "costly attire", who had left aside the rosary and the clothes of a saint (fakir). In another Lahore version, Chandu Shah actually prevents Guru Arjan from suffering torture and death by Muslims by paying 200,000 rupees (100,000 crusados) to Jahangir, but then keeps him and emotionally torments him to death in his house. [54] Dabistan-i Mazahib Mobad states Jahangir tortured Guru Arjan in the hopes of extracting the money and public repudiation of his spiritual convictions, but the Guru refused and was executed. "Guru Arjan, Fifth in succession, was the first Guru born as a Sikh. Where & when did Guru Arjan Dev Ji achieve martyrdom ? The choice of successor, as throughout most of the history of Sikh Guru successions, led to disputes and internal divisions among the Sikhs. He wanted to give Sikhism its own holy text, and for this purpose he compiled the writings of all the past Gurus and also the writings of saints from different backgrounds whose teachings were consistent with the tenets of Sikhism. [55] Jerome Xavier, in appreciation of the courage of Guru Arjun, wrote back to Lisbon, that Guru Arjan suffered and was tormented. Guru Arjan, who complied the Guru Grant Sahib, the holy text of the Sikhs was the 5th Guru. On June 16 annually, members of the Sikh religion remember the martyrdom of Guru Arjan. He also completed the building of Darbar Sahib at Amritsar, which had been founded by his father. Jahangir ordered that Guru Arjan Dev be arrested and brought to him. They became jealous of the guru’s fame and were angry as several Muslims had now become the guru’s Sikhs. Guru Arjan spent the first 11 years of his life in Goindwal and the next seven years with his father in Ramdaspur. Guru Arjan, 1563-1606. [75], Guru Arjan was a prolific poet and composed 2,218 hymns. Guru Arjan's birthplace site is now memorialized as the Gurdwara Chaubara Sahib. It states that the Guru's execution was a part of the ongoing persecution of the Sikhs by Islamic authorities in the Mughal Empire,[39] and that the Mughal rulers of Punjab were alarmed at the growth of the Panth. They state Prithi Chand left Amritsar, became the Sahib Guru after the martyrdom of Guru Arjan and one who disputed the succession of Guru Hargobind as the next Guru. Guru Arjan installed the scripture of Sikhism inside the new temple in 1604. Arjan Dev’s elder brother Prithia aspired to succeed their father as the next guru. Guru Arjan taught that the songs themselves, not the man, were the real teacher. Master Arjan Dev Ji was the fifth of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism, who moved toward becoming Guru on 16 September 1581 following in the strides of Guru Ram Das ji. by Dr. Pashaura Singh One of the main issues that has drawn scholarly attention in Kartarpur-Banno debate is related to a hymn by Guru Arjan in Ramakali mode. He compiled the first official edition of the Sikh scripture called the Adi Granth, which later expanded into the Guru Granth Sahib. Guru Arjun (Arjan) Dev erected the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) in Amritsar, India, and compiled and contributed to Adi Granth in 1604. He incarnated on 15 April 1563 and left his body on 30 May 1606. He became the first martyr of Sikh faith when he was arrested under the orders of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and tortured to death when he refused to convert to Islam. On the passing away of Guru Ram Das, according to a custom prevalent among the Khatris of the time, when Mohri invested Guru Arjan with the turban, Prithi Chand objected to it vehemently. In 1595 A.D. Name the wifes of Guru Hargobind Ji. By torturing a divine personality of Guru Arjan Dev’s eminence, Jahangir had unwittingly started digging the grave of the Mughal Dynasty. The Akbarnama by Abu'l-Fazl Allami mentions that Guru Arjan met the Mughal emperor Akbar and his cortege in 1598. The growing popularity of the guru and Sikhism perturbed the Mughals greatly. His father was Hari Das and mother Daya Kaur, both of whom died when he was aged seven. Vir Singh, ed. Continuing the efforts of Guru Ram Das, Guru Arjan established Amritsar as a primary Sikh pilgrimage destination. The Top 25 Wrestling Announcers Of All Time, 16th Century Spiritual & Religious Leaders. [23] His choice of Arjan as successor, as throughout most of the history of Sikh Guru successions, led to disputes and internal divisions among the Sikhs. Eds. Father Jerome to Father Gasper Fernandes, (BM add MS 9854, ff. He ordered a copy be brought to him. [2], There are several stories and versions about how, where and why Guru Arjan died. Guru Arjan installed the scripture of Sikhism inside the new gurdwara in 1604. Born April 15, 1563, he was named Arjan Mal. He always practised what he preached. [56] His execution led the Sikh Panth to become armed and pursue resistance to persecution under the Islamic rule. His martyrdom was a significant turning point in the history of Sikhism. [72] His approved collection included hymns from the first four Gurus of Sikhism, those he composed, as well as 17 Hindu bards and 2 Muslim bards. He really wanted to become the next Guru, … [6][67], Continuing the efforts of Guru Ram Das, Guru Arjan established Amritsar as a primary Sikh pilgrimage destination. SWAN SONG :GURU ARJAN DEV - Guru Arjan Dev was divinely inspired to write The Sukhmani Sahib and thus He is close to my heart. Emperor Jahangir who had newly ascended to the throne was an Orthodox Muslim who felt threatened by the spreading of Sikhism in his empire. In 1595 A.D. Name the wifes of Guru … He was not pleased with the growing popularity of Arjan in their father’s eyes as he feared Arjan might inherit the Guru Gaddi. Soon Sikhism became the prominent popular religion of medieval Punjab. He attained Guruship on 1 September 1581. He also very dedicated in his service to humanity, and proved himself to be a very pious and humble young man. His parents were Har Das and Daya Vati (also known as Anup Devi), a hardworking and pious couple. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Sahitya Sadan, 1997), p. 386. He looked upon them as a potential threat and he ordered the execution of Guru Arjan in 1606. in this too the nectar Name which is the support of all humanity. 1563, to Guru Raam das and Ji Mata Bhani ji. On the passing away of Guru Ram Das, according to a custom prevalent among the Khatris of the time, when Mohri invested Guru Arjan with the turban, Prithi Chand objected to it vehemently. Guru Arjan, who complied the Guru Grant Sahib, the holy text of the Sikhs was the 5th Guru. [30], The mainstream Sikh tradition recognised Guru Arjan as the fifth Guru, and Hargobind as the sixth Guru. He completed the construction of Amritsar which was further developed into one of the most important centers of Sikhism. Also Known As: Guru Arjan Dev Ji, Guru Arjan Ji, Spiritual & Religious Leaders Contributions. He then ordered the guru to convert to Islam or undergo torture and execution. Remembering Guru Arjan, who sowed the seed of martyrdom in the Sikh religion. He proved himself an original thinker, illustrious poet, practical philosopher, great organiser, eminent statesman, shining sage, saint and seer, composer of music, scholar, founder of tanks and towns, embodiment of love, humility and service, and the first martyr to faith. Where & when did Guru Arjan Dev Ji achieve martyrdom ? [10][13] His martyrdom is considered a watershed event in the history of Sikhism. Jehangir ===== Where & when did Guru Arjan Dev Ji achieve martyrdom ? Guru Ram Das chose Arjan, the youngest, to succeed him as the fifth Sikh Guru. He was tortured and executed on the orders of Mughal emperor Jahangir and is the first martyr of Sikh religion, and known as Shaheedan-de-Sartaj. Dehra Saheb at Lahore ===== Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, p. 7. [52] His eyewitness account recorded Guru Arjan's life, and the order by Emperor Jahangir to torture the Guru to death. Each of the boys had very different dispositions. Guru Arjan established three towns – Tarn Taran, Kartarpur, and Sri Hargobindpur. Guru Arjan, 1563-1606. Guru Ram Das noticed early on that his youngest son Arjan was wise beyond his years and displayed compassion for all. 75-94, Understanding the Martyrdom of Guru Arjan, "August 31, 1569: Jahangir is born | Knappily", Martyrdom and the Execution of Guru Arjan in Early Sikh Sources, Reconsidering the Sacrifice of Guru Arjan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guru_Arjan&oldid=1001656111, People executed for refusing to convert to Islam, Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 January 2021, at 17:54. [51] Bhai Gurdas was a contemporary of Guru Arjan and is a noted 17th-century Sikh chronicler. Arjan Dev was born on 15 April 1563, in Goindval, Tarn Taaran, India, as the son of Guru Ram Das, the fourth Guru in Sikhism, and his wife Mata Bhani. 110-112. More than half of the volume of Guru Granth Sahib and the largest collection of hymns has been composed by Guru Arjan. Guru Arjan Dev was the fifth of the ten Sikh Gurus. [23] However, the second version, found in alternate competing texts written by the Prithi Chand led Sikh faction contradict this version (their non-derogatory name is Miharvan Sikhs). 38-52), 1617, in Sicques, Tigers or Thieves: Eyewitness Accounts of the Sikhs (1606-1809). [33][note 1], In 1606 CE, the Guru was imprisoned in Lahore Fort, where by some accounts he was tortured and executed,[11][41] and by other accounts the method of his death remains unresolved. Guru Angad devoted 7 years proving himself under the guidance of Guru Nanak and after many tests he appointed him as his successor in 1539. He also designed the Harmandir Sahib at Amritsar. Max Arthur Macauliffe (1883), The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings and Authors, Louis E. Fenech (2010), Martyrdom: W.H. In channeling sessions, Baba Sai of … Guru Arjan[2][3] (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜਨ, pronunciation: [gʊɾuː əɾd͡ʒənᵊ]) 15 April 1563 – 30 May 1606)[1] was the first of the two Gurus martyred in the Sikh faith and the fifth of the ten total Sikh Gurus. [10][33] A similar theory floated in early 20th-century, asserts that this was just a politically-motivated single execution. He always practised what he preached. [58][59][60] Recent scholarship[61][62] has questioned many of these, calling them as fictional interpretation, reflecting an agenda, or "exaggerating fragmentary traces of documentary evidence in historical analysis". Grewal and Irfan Habib. He was born in Goindval, in the Punjab, the youngest son of Bhai Jetha, who later became Guru Ram Das, and Mata Bhani, the daughter of Guru Amar Das. [29][71], According to the Sikh tradition, Guru Arjan compiled the Adi Granth by collecting hymns of past Gurus from many places, then rejecting those that he considered as fakes or to be diverging from the teachings of the Gurus. [10][12][66], Guru Arjan's father Guru Ram Das founded the town named after him "Ramdaspur", around a large man-made water pool called "Ramdas Sarovar". He succeeded his father as the leader of Sikhs upon his death and went on to significantly influence the development of Sikhism. Guru Arjun Dev (Arjan Dev) Guru Arjun (Arjan) Dev erected the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) in Amritsar, India, and compiled and contributed to Adi Granth in 1604. Born in Hindu family and after meeting Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, becoming a Sikh, and serving and working with Guru Nanak for many years, Guru Nanak gave Lehna the name Angad ("my own limb"), and chose Angad as the second Sikh Guru. [78], Some scholars spell Guru Arjan's name as Guru Arjun. He had two elder brothers: Prithi Chand (Prithia) and Mahadev. He compiled the hymns of the previous Sikh Gurus along with selected writings of other saints from different backgrounds which he considered consistent with the teachings of Sikhism. They need our help more than any other people. Richards, John F. The Mughal Empire, in The New Cambridge History of India. The eldest son of Prithi Chand, Manohar Das who is also known as Miharvan, is mentioned in both traditions as growing under the loving care of Prithi Chand and Guru Arjan. AVere it … He, in one version, takes revenge on Guru Arjan for not marrying his son Hargobind to Chandu Shah's daughter. [14][25][31] Arjan, at age 18, became the fifth Guru in 1581 inheriting the title from his father. [17] Per Sikh tradition, he had stayed for two years in Lahore during his youth after being sent by his father to attend the wedding of his first cousin Sahari Mal's son as well as to establish a Sikh congregation. [28], The competing texts acknowledge the disagreements. However, Prithi Chand, Guru Arjan’s eldest brother, did not accept him as his father’s successor. Only God can stand to sit on a hot plate and be a yogi and then have hot, burning sand put on his head in the month of June and still chant “Sat Naam.” Then for that man only, you can say Guru Arjan partakh har. Indian Men, siblings: Baba Mahan Dev, Baba Prithi Chand, See the events in life of Guru Arjan in Chronological Order. [47], Some scholars state that the evidence is unclear whether his death was due to execution, torture or forced drowning in the Ravi river. He was born in Goindwal, India, on April 14. [43] Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi cheered the punishment and execution of Guru Arjun, calling the Sikh Guru an infidel. [4] He was the first Guru in Sikhism to be born into a Sikh family. [32][33], Most Mughal historians considered Guru Arjan's execution as a political event, stating that the Sikhs had become formidable as a social group, and Sikh Gurus became actively involved in the Punjabi political conflicts. In Lahore on May 25, 1606 A.D. Name the Gurdwara, now in Pakistan, that stands at the place where Guru Arjan Dev Ji was martyred. [44][note 2] In contrast, Mian Mir – the Sufi friend of Guru Arjan, lobbied when Jehangir ordered the execution and the confiscation of Guru Arjan's property, then got the confiscation order deferred, according to Rishi Singh. Guru Angad (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅੰਗਦ, prounciation: [gʊɾuː əŋgəd̯ᵊ]) was the second of the ten Sikh gurus of Sikhism. [68][69], One of the Sikh community disputes following Guru Ram Das was the emergence of new hymns claiming to have been composed by Nanak. Prithia conspired to tarnish his younger brother’s reputation but failed miserably. The execution of Guru Arjan Dev marks a sharp contrast to Jahangir's tolerant attitude towards other religions such as Hinduism and Christianity. McLeod and his Students, Journal of Punjab studies, University of California Press, 17(1&2), pp. His tenure as the guru lasted for 25 years over which he greatly enriched the Sikh tradition with his many important contributions. Hargobind, sixth Sikh Guru, who developed a strong Sikh army and gave the Sikh religion its military character, in accord with the instructions of his father, Guru Arjan (1563–1606), the first Sikh martyr, who had been executed on the order of the Mughal emperor Jahāngīr. The onlookers were shocked at the brutality meted out to this saintly and peaceful person. Guru Ram Das had three sons. He never minded the apparent insult in the presence of the congregation. [53], A contemporary Jesuit account, written by Spanish Jesuit missionary Jerome Xavier (1549–1617), who was in Lahore at the time, records that the Sikhs tried to get Jahangir to substitute the torture and death sentence to a heavy fine, but this attempt failed. [6][24], The stories in the Sikh tradition about the succession dispute around Guru Arjan are inconsistent. An alternate version highlights the role of a Hindu minister of Jahangir named Chandu Shah. Guru Arjan was the fifth Sikh Guru and the first Sikh martyr: he gave up his life for the Sikh people. 1) Guru Nanak Dev Ji 15 April 1469 2) Guru Angad Dev Ji 31 March 1504 3) Guru Amar Das Ji 05 May 1479 4) Guru Ram Das Ji 24 Sep 1534 5) Guru Arjan Dev Ji 15 April 1563 6) Guru Har Gobin Ji 19 June 1595, Guru Har Rai Ji 16 Jan 1630 8) Guru Har Krishan Ji 07 July 1656,Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji,01 April 1621,Guru Gobin Singh Ji,22 Dec 1666 Ultimately Guru Ram Das selected Arjan Dev as his successor. He made his headquarters at the newly built town of Goindwal, which Guru Angad Dev had established. According to Louis Fenech, this meeting likely influenced the development of Sikh manuscriptology and the later martial tradition. [11][57] Michael Barnes states that the resolve and death of Guru Arjun strengthened the conviction among Sikhs that, "personal piety must have a core of moral strength. [29] The followers of Prithi Chand called themselves as true followers of Guru Nanak, or Nanakpanthis as they challenged Guru Arjan and his descendants authority. 1563, to Guru Raam das and Ji Mata Bhani ji. Guru Arjan's Teachings Like the other Gurus, Guru Arjan believed in doing good deeds rather than just preaching. He married Bibi Bhani, the younger daughter of Amar Das. Up to the time of When he saw the poor or the sick, he always sat down to help them. [33] The traditional Sikh account states that the Mughal emperor Jahangir demanded a fine of 200,000 rupees and demanded that Guru Arjan erase some of the hymns in the text that he found offensive. Guru Angad Dev died on 29 March 1552 and Guru Amar Das became the spiritual leader of the Sikhs. He referred to Guru Arjan as a Hindu, who had "captured many of the simple-hearted of the Hindus and even of the ignorant and foolish followers of Islam, by his ways and manners...for he three or four generations(of spiritual successors) they had kept this shop warm." In Lahore on May 25, 1606 A.D. Name the Gurdwara, now in Pakistan, that stands at the place where Guru Arjan Dev Ji was martyred. The Indian lunar calendar determines Sikh and Hindu events of history. [22], Guru Arjan had two elder brothers, Prithi Chand and Mahadev. He managed the Guru’s household and most efficiently administered the running of the common kitchen. [6], Guru Arjan reorganized the Masands system initiated by Guru Ram Das, by suggesting that the Sikhs donate, if possible, one-tenth of their income, goods or service to the Sikh organization (dasvand). https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/guru-arjan-6785.php. [34] According to this theory, there was an ongoing Mughal dynasty dispute between Jahangir and his son Khusrau suspected of rebellion by Jahangir, wherein Guru Arjan blessed Khusrau and thus the losing side. The guru conceived the idea of creating a central place of worship for the Sikhs and designed the Harmandir Sahib (also known as Golden Temple today). The hitherto peace loving community took up arms for self-defense and for protecting the rights of the weaker sections against the atrocities perpetuated by the Mughals. It was also known as Harmandir Sahib or the Golden Temple. [50] J. F. Richard states that Jahangir was persistently hostile to popularly venerated non-Islamic religious figures, not just Sikhism. He founded it in 1574 on land he bought for 700 rupees from the owners of the village of Tung. After Guru Arjan completed and installed the Adi Granth in the Harimandir Sahib, Emperor Akbar was informed of the development with the allegation that it contained teachings hostile to Islam.