Tuareg dialects belong to the South Berber group and are sometimes regarded as a single language (as for instance by Karl-Gottfried Prasse). http://www.afrikanistik-aegyptologie-online.de/archiv/2011/3167, Lameen Souag in Afrikanistik-Ägyptologie-online, http://www.afrikanistik-aegyptologie-online.de/archiv/2011/3167, 13-16. /edˤkăr/ > [etˤkăr]). Tuareg is an Arabic term meaning abandoned by God. There is also some variation in Tifinagh and in the Arabic script. No simple adjectives exist in the Tuareg languages; adjectival concepts are expressed using a relative verb form traditionally called 'participle'. Tuareg (or Tamasheq/Tamajaq/Tamahaq) is a Berber language or family of closely related languages spoken by the Tuareg, in many parts of Mali, Niger, Algeria, Libya and Burkina Faso, with a few speakers, the Kinnin, in Chad. View all hotels. In: Drouin & Roth, eds. Learn up to 8 foreign languages with Visual Link Languages. Tamahaq. The major language of the Tuareg is Tamacheq, which is in the Berber language group. SIL Electronic Working Papers. Earn Badges. Before ‘Tuareg’ there were only different clans loosely affiliated by their language and cultural habits; Taitoq, Kel Ghela, Kel Ajjer, Kel Gress, … Ethnologue, the biggest authority on languages on the web, estimates that there are over 7,000 spoken languages in the world. I am the youngest son of a Tuareg familly from the south of desert in a calm part of Tagounite . Recueillis et traduits par Charles de Foucauld. Tuareg is a Berber language or family of closely related languages spoken by the Tuareg, in parts of Mali, Niger, Algeria, Libya and Burkina Faso. 2 vols. Speakers of Tin Sert (Tetserret) identify as Tuareg, but the language is Western Berber. As a root-and-pattern, or templatic language, triliteral roots (three-consonant bases) are the most common in Tamasheq. Many of the Tuareg also speak Songhay, Hausa, and French, and read Arabic. 2 December 2007 <. Outstanding are the great four-vol­ume dictionary and the texts compiled by, The Tuaregs have their own alphabet called, are derived from the ancient Libyan alphabet, used for funerary inscriptions. For example, tidət is pronounced [tidʲət] in Tayart.[29]. [14], In Burkina Faso the emphatics are denoted by "hooked" letters, as in Fula, e.g. The language of the Tuareg is called Tamacheq, but Tuareg also use a written script known as Tifinagh. Located in Niamey, 984 feet from Palais Des Congres, Noom Hotel Niamey features accommodations with a restaurant, free private parking, an outdoor swimming pool and a bar. In: Petites Soeurs de Jesus, Aghali-Zakara, Mohamed & Jeannine Drouin (1979), Albaka, Moussa & Dominique Casajus (1992), Chaker, Salem & Hélène Claudot & Marceau Gast, eds. For example, Proto-Berber *h is mostly lost in Ayer Tuareg, while it is maintained in almost every position in Mali Tuareg. The Tuareg varieties are unusually conservative in some respects; they retain two short vowels where Northern-Berber languages have one or none, and have a much lower proportion of Arabic loanwords than most Berber languages. Air Travel; Business Travel; The present course is designed to be an introduction to the Tuareg dialect of the Ahaggar or Hoggar region of Algeria, as well as the adjacent Azzar and Ahnat regions. This is also the alphabet adopted for this course. The book can be used as a manual for learning conjugation of Tuareg and a means to understand basic rules of its grammar. Tamashaq language language of Kal Asakan. Additionally, read children’s books in your chosen language to learn basic sentence structure. This dialect is spoken by a minority of some 43,000 Tuareg speakers and some 10,000 beyond the Libyan border. However, it is a very important dialect for research purposes as it was the object of some of the earliest and best studies into the Tuareg language and culture. [19], Gemination is contrastive. [18], Before emphatics, vowels lower, turning /ə/ into [ă], /e, i/ into "emphatic" [e], and /u, o/ into "emphatic" [o], with some dialectal variation (with the realizations of /i, u/ "less open" than /e, o/). Following the link at the bottom, you will find the full review text (pdf file): With published grammars and dictionaries of all major varieties, Tuareg is an unusually well documented language in comparison to the rest of Berber and to Africa in general. Especially it is considered to be essential for studying the works of Charles de Foucauld. The Tuareg languages are traditionally written in the indigenous Tifinagh alphabet. harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFSudlow,2001 (, harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFSudlow2001,_1.1. The, alphabet only writes the consonants (plus, ). Other differences can easily be traced back to borrowing. ⟨Tămašăɣt⟩ for [tămašăq]). [20], The glottal stop is non-phonemic. Answered: I would like to learn the Tuareg language spoke in Niger. The vowel system includes 5 long vowels, /a, e, i, o, u/, "emphatic" versions of /e, o/, and two short vowels, /ə, ă/. The Tuareg call themselves Imohag, which means free man. Note that the geminate is dropped if not followed by a vowel. Once you have mastered the Hoggar dialect (tahaggart), it will be easy for you to move on to the other dialects of the Tuareg language, especially those of the Adrar of Mali (tadghaq) and of the re­gion of Timbuktu (tenshart or taneslemt) that are akin to tahaggart. km). However, the Arabic script is commonly used in some areas (and has been since medieval times), while the Latin script is official in Mali and Niger. The basic word order in Tuareg is verb–subject–object. A whole lot. Vol. Category:Terms derived from Tuareg: Categories with terms derived from Tuareg in various specific languages. Marta Jackowska Uwadizu in Studies of the Department of African Languages and Cultures, 46/2012, 128-129, The present course is designed to be an introduction to the, ggar or Hoggar region of Algeria, as well as the adjacent Azza, t regions. Cursive: ongoing actions, often habitual ones. Beyond destination forums. The southern varieties two of which Sudlow describes are spoken by far more people than the northern variety described by Prasse, so learners who simply want to be able to talk to Tuareg are likely to find Sudlow's book closer to the varieties spoken by their interlocutors. All languages. [28] The Proto-Berber consonant *z comes out differently in different dialects, a development that is to some degree reflected in the dialect names. Their distinguishing characteristics include the unity of their language, their alphabet which uses "tifinagh" characters, and their complex social organization. [25], Cluster reduction turns word/morpheme-final /-ɣt, -ɣk/ into [-qː] and /-kt, -ɟt, -ɡt/ into [-kː] (e.g. See all. (1974) 'Introduction grammaticale'. [24] /q/ and /tˤ/ are predominantly geminate. 2003: 656, s.v. Report inappropriate content . They are distinguished mainly by a few sound shifts (notably affecting the pronunciation of original z and h). The most striking attribute of the Tuareg is the indigo veil, giving rise to the name the Blue Men of the Sahara. However, relatively little of this documentation is in English. Tuareg, also known as Tamasheq, Tamajaq, or Tamahaq, and in Tifinagh, is a Berber language, or a family of very closely related languages and dialects, spoken by the Tuareg Berbers, in large parts of Mali, Niger, Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Burkina Faso, with a … el doctor, la doctora). Other dialects substitute ħ and ʻ respectively with x and ɣ. Tuareg definition, a Berber or Hamitic-speaking member of the Muslim nomads of the Sahara. Within the social groups of all "Tuareg" exist separate dialect variants, which are more or less differentiated. [16], Different dialects have slightly different consonant inventories. Tuareg are distinguished in their native language as the Imouhar, meaning the free people [citation needed]; the overlap of meaning has increased local cultural nationalism. The Tuareg are divided into several main political groups or tribal units. Some of these can be dated back to 150 BC, e.g. The tifinagh alphabet only writes the consonants (plus a dot for the final a, and sometimes a final w or y for u and i). Learn a new skill. (, Grammaire, dialogues et dictionnaire touaregs, http://www.sil.org/silewp/yearindex.asp?year=2002, Essai de grammaire de la langue tamachek' : renfermant les principes du langage parlé par les Imouchar' ou Touareg, Chants touaregs. Are you struggling to pick up a second language (or a third, or a fourth)? Tamahaq is a Northern Berber language in southern Algeria, western Libya and northern Niger. The Iwellemmeden and Ahaggar Tuareg dialects are midway between these positions. Thus, it is a small dialect, compared with those of Niger (about 1,000,000 speakers) and Mali (about 500,000 speak­ers). [7], The DNAFLA system is a somewhat morphophonemic orthography, not indicating initial vowel shortening, always writing the directional particle as < dd⟩, and not indicating all assimilations (e.g. Description. I would like to learn the Tuareg language spoke in Niger. Once you have mastered the Hoggar dialect (, , it will be easy for you to move on to the other dialects of the Tuareg language, especially those of the Adrar of Mali (, L’Histoire du Niger, transcrit du touareg de l’Ayr, Review in “Studies of the Department of African Languages and Cultures” 46/2012, 128-129. This makes it extremely difficult to decipher longer texts, even for Tuaregs. The Malian national literacy program DNAFLA has established a standard for the Latin alphabet, which is used with modifications in Prasse's Lexique and the government literacy program in Burkina, while in Niger a different system was used. (1984), Louali-Raynal, Naïma & Nadine Decourt & Ramada Elghamis (1997), Mohamed, Ghabdouane & Karl-G. Prasse (1989), Mohamed, Ghabdouane & Karl-G. Prasse (2003). Pick a language and start learning. The origin and meaning of the name Tuareg has long been debated with various etymologies advanced, although it would appear that Twārəg is derived from the "broken plural" of Tārgi, a name whose former meaning was "inhabitant of Targa" (the Tuareg name of the Libyan region commonly known as Fezzan. Learn, improve or share your skills while traveling. the im­portant funeral inscription of the Numidian king Massinissa that can be seen in modern Dougga (Northwestern Tunisia). Berber is a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. [4], Early uses of the Tifinagh script have been found on rock art and in various sepulchres. For beginners, this book makes an excellent introduction to Berber grammar; experts will appreciate the very clear overview it offers of Tahaggart Tuareg, and may well find that it helps clarify their understanding of the Berber verbal system. Prayer Points * Scripture Prayers for the Tuareg, Tamajaq in Niger. Kanuri is spoken not only in Niger…. Blench (ms, 2006) lists the following as separate languages, with dialects in parentheses:[3]. Verbs carry information on the subject of the sentence in the form of pronominal marking. This means that the noun can be masculine or feminine, depending on the gender of person it refers to (e.g. Berber languages are spoken today by some 14 million people, mostly … K.-G. Prasse (1990), New Light on the Origin of the Tuareg Vowels E and O, in: H. G. Mukarovsky (ed), Proceedings of the Fifth International Hamito-Semitic Congress, Vienna, I 163-170. 2002. They are quite mutually comprehensible, and are commonly regarded as a single language; they are distinguished mainly by a few sound shifts. In contrast, the split of the group from the other Afroasiatic sub-phyla is much … The tifinagh are derived from the ancient Libyan alphabet, used for funerary inscriptions. [5], Tifinagh usage is now restricted mainly to writing magical formulae, writing on palms when silence is required, and in letter-writing. Thus, it is a small dialect, compared with those of Niger (about 1,000,00, 0 speakers) and Mali (about 500,000 speak­ers). It occurs at the beginning of vowel-initial words to fill the place of the initial consonant in the syllable structure (see below), although if the words is preceded by a word ending in a consonant, it makes a liaison instead. Learn a new language while sharing yours with others. The Tuareg (English: /ˈtwɑːrɛɡ/) languages constitute a group of closely related Berber languages and dialects. Not even the long vowels are written, as is the case in Arabic, and traditionally the words are not separated. For Tuareg as a whole, while two reference grammars in English exist – Heath (2005) for Mali and Kossmann (2011) for the Aïr Mountains – the only other grammar course in English is Sudlow (2001), describing the southeastern Tuareg varieties of Burkina Faso. The term Iwellemmeden (the name of the people) is sometimes used to denote the language. Not even the long vowels are written, as is the case in Arabic, and traditionally the words are not separated. the im­portant funeral inscription of the Numidian king Massinissa that can be seen in modern Dougga (Northwestern Tunisia). Christiansen, Niels, and Regula. This dialect is spoken by a minority of some 43,000 Tuareg speakers and some 10,000 beyond the Libyan border. Private Transfer from Niamey to Diori Hamani Airport (NIM) from $133.52* Private Transfer from Diori Hamani Airport (NIM) to Niamey. Earn badges and showcase your achievements. Here are some practical language-learning tips from a guy who speaks nine! There are about 80,000 speakers of Tamahaq, which is also known as Tahaggart Tamahaq, Tamahaq Tahaggart, Tamachek, Tamashekin, Tomachek, Touareg, Tourage or Tuareg. See more. Tuareg is a Berber language. /tămaʃăɣt/ > [tămaʃăq] 'Tamasheq'[26]). The language is also spoken in Algeria and Mali and possesses its own writing, called tifinagh, which is in widespread use. It is realized as h in Tamahaq (Tahaggart), as š in Tamasheq and as simple z in the Tamajaq dialects Tawallammat and Tayart. Speakers of Tin Sert (Tetserret) identify as Tuareg, but the language is Western Berber. The name of the Tuare… Thus, it is a small dialect, compared with those of Niger (approx. [23], /ŋ/ is rare, /ʒ/ is rare in Tadraq, and /ħ, ʕ/ are only used in Arabic words in the Tanəsləmt dialect (most Tamasheq replace them with /x, ɣ/ respectively). Paris, Albin Michel, 1997, “Quelques éléments sur les Kinnin d’Abbéché (Tchad)", "Ethnologue report for language code: thz", Project: Orthography in a plurigraphic society: the case of Tuareg in Niger, "Les différents systèmes d'écriture amazighe", "Alphabets of Tamashek in Mali: Alphabetization and Tifinagh", "Base extended-Latin characters and combinations for languages of Mali", "alphabet tamajaq (arrété 214-99 de la République du Niger)", http://www.sil.org/silewp/abstract.asp?ref=2002-005, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuareg_languages&oldid=996585765, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Stative: "lasting states as the ongoing results of a completed action.". This page was last edited on 27 December 2020, at 14:09. The Tuaregs have their own alphabet called tifinagh. This dialect is spoken by a minority of some 43,000 Tuareg speakers and some 10,000 beyond the Libyan border. [27], Syllable structure is CV(C)(C), including glottal stops (see above). In addition, in Tadraq /ɡ/ is usually geminate, but in Tudalt singleton /ɡ/ may occur. The Tuareg Elementary Course is the first publication which aims at application of the linguistic knowledge of this language in practical use. Many Tuareg today are either settled agriculturalists or nomadic cattle breeders, though there are also blacksmiths and caravan leaders. The present course is designed to be an introduction to the Tuareg dialect of the Aha ggar or Hoggar region of Algeria, as well as the adjacent Azza r and Ahna t regions. This is the reason why modern scholars and the literacy services. New York: Thames and Hudson, Inc, 1997. [19], The consonant inventory largely resembles Arabic: differentiated voicing; uvulars, pharyngeals (traditionally referred to as emphatics) /tˤ/, /lˤ/, /sˤ/, /dˤ/, /zˤ/; requiring the pharynx muscles to contract and influencing the pronunciation of the following vowel (although /lˤ, sˤ/ only occur in Arabic loans and /ɫ/ only in the name of Allah). They are spoken by the Tuareg Berbers in large parts of Mali, Niger, Algeria, Libya and Burkina Faso, with a few speakers, the Kinnin, in Chad.[1]. To pick up on new words and phrases, try watching movies and TV shows in the language you're trying to learn. Since modern Berber languages are relatively homogeneous, the date of the Proto-Berber language from which the modern group is derived was probably comparatively recent, comparable to the age of the Germanic or Romance subfamilies. "Targa"). Figures from the 2009 census suggest that about 3.5 percent of Malians speak Tamasheq, the language of the Tuareg, as their mother tongue; in the country’s three northern regions (Timbuktu, Gao and Kidal), Tamasheq speakers account for about 32 percent. Verbs can be grouped into 19 morphological classes; some of these classes can be defined semantically. Approximately 62,000 people. [6] The Arabic script is mostly in use by tribes more involved in Islamic learning, and little is known about its conventions. [30] Sudlow uses the following examples, all expressing the concept “Men don’t cook porridge” (e denotes Sudlow's schwa): Again like Japanese, the “pronoun/particle ‘a’ is used with a following relative clause to bring a noun in a phrase to the beginning for emphasis,” a structure which can be used to emphasize even objects of prepositions. 1,2. Niels and Regula Christiansen use the root k-t-b (to write) to demonstrate past completed aspect conjugation: The verbal correspondence with the use of aspect; Tamasheq uses four, as delineated by Sudlow: Commands are expressed in the imperative mood, which tends to be a form of the imperfective aspect, unless the action is to be repeated or continued, in which case the cursive aspect is preferred. Some of these can be dated back to 150 BC, e.g. Tawallammat Tamajaq – Language of the Iwellemmeden, spoken in Mali and Niger by approximately 870 000 people. [31] Sudlow’s example (s denotes voiceless palato-alveolar fricative): The indirect object marker takes the form i/y in Tudalt and e/y in Tadraq.[32]. The Tuareg languages have very heavily influenced Northern Songhay languages such as Sawaq, whose speakers are culturally Tuareg but speak Songhay; this influence includes points of phonology and sometimes grammar as well as extensive loanwords. 1,000,000 speakers) and Mali (approx. 458,976 sq. The Pastoral Tuareg: Ecology, Culture, and Society. Imperfective: future or possible actions, "often used following a verb expressing emotion, decision or thought," it can be marked with "'ad'" (shortened to "'a-'" with prepositions). [...] Even though the course is not really enough to learn how to speak Tuareg, it is a good starting point for exploring the language. Subcategories This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. tuareg n 1. a member of a nomadic berber people of the sahara [syn: tuareg] 2. the dialect of berber spoken by the tuareg people [syn: tuareg] Dictionary source: hEnglish - advanced version More: English to English translation of Tuareg * Pray that Gospel broadcasts will soon be produced in the Tamasheq language. Tamashek is the language of the Tuareg, who often call themselves the Kel Tamagheq, or Tamashek speakers. [17] Comparative evidence shows that /ə/ derives from a merger of Proto-Berber */ĭ/ and */ŭ/. (1,188,748 sq. Related: What are the most popular tours in Niger? of the modern states have developed an alphabet based on the Latin one. Prayer is the key to reaching the Tuareg with the Gospel of Jesus Christ. The Tuareg are the nomadic inhabitants of north Africa, no one knows when the Tuareg arrived in Africa's Sahara. Among these are the 1,500 year old monumental tomb of the Tuareg matriarch Tin Hinan, where vestiges of a Tifinagh inscription have been found on one of its walls. "Some verb morphology features of Tadaksahak ." Galand, Lionel. Alex Rawlings, a language teacher now learning his 13th language… To learn any language, aim to learn new words or phrases each day, starting with common words used in everyday situations. A written script called Tifinagh is used in poetry and also appears in Saharan rock art. THE LANGUAGE OF THE IMUHAR (TUAREG) Tamahaq (known also as Tahaggart) belongs to the Afro-Asiatic language family, spoken by the Imuhar (Tuareg) in the South of Algeria and Libya. Berber languages, also called Amazigh languages, family of languages in the Afro-Asiatic language phylum. [24] Normally /ɣɣ/ becomes [qː], /ww/ becomes [ɡː], and /dˤdˤ/ becomes [tˤː]. In these dialects, dentals in general are palatalized before /i/ and /j/. ⟨ɗ ƭ⟩.[15]. However, it is a very important dialect for research purposes as it was the object of some of the earliest and best studies into the Tuareg language and culture. Phrase-final /a/ is also followed by a phonetic glottal stop. Prasse makes far fewer concessions to the learner's need for fixed phrases and daily greetings than Sudlow, but I found Prasse’s presentation of the grammar rather clearer; in particular, Prasse’s practice of introducing each conjugation separately with discussion makes them much easier to learn and understand than simply presenting paradigm tables without further comment. Tuareg dialects belong to the South Berber group and are sometimes regarded as a single language (as for instance by Karl-Gottfried Prasse).They are distinguished mainly by a few sound shifts (notably affecting the pronunciation of original z and h).The Tuareg varieties are unusually conservative in some respects; they retain two short vowels where Northern-Berber … Some of these differences can be diachronically accounted for. Who are the Tuareg The Tuareg are a substantial ethnic population that crosses the boundaries of several countries, but have no majority of inhabitants in any specific country. [16] Karl Prasse argued that /e/ goes back to Proto-Berber, while /o/ is derived from /u/. Cohen, David (1993) 'Racines'. Tuareg were called Tevarikler in The Ottoman Empire. Learn a Language with free online language lessons, interactive games, and fun lessons. Sudlow (2001:26) doesn't specify whether these are velar or uvular. As they are the most homogeneous division within Afro-Asiatic, the Berber languages have often been referred to as a single language in the past (especially in the tradition of French scholarship). In Tawallammat and especially Tayart, this kind of palatalization actually does not confine itself to z. [36], harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFSudlow2001 (. Targain Berber means "(drainage) channel", see Alojali et al. The Tuareg languages may be written using the ancient Tifinagh (Libyco-Berber) script, the Latin script or the Arabic script. It might sound obvious, but recognising exactly why you want to learn a language is really important. Tamasheq prefers VSO order; however it contains topic–comment structure (like in American Sign Language, Modern Hebrew, Japanese and Russian), allowing the emphasized concept to be placed first, be it the subject or object, the latter giving an effect somewhat like the English passive. 500,000 speakers). 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Languages of the Tuareg Elementary course is the case in Arabic, and their complex social organization Faso emphatics! ’ s books in your chosen language to learn basic sentence structure improve or share skills!